Introduction
The article [1] discusses the occurrence of gamma radiation during the observation of thunderstorms on the Earth’s surface by the Fermi telescope during 2008-2018. The article contains illustrations: one shows the formation of a gamma-ray burst from a thundercloud, the other is a visualization of ten-year observations of terrestrial gamma-ray bursts by the Fermi telescope. There are flashes of light about a thousand times a day during a thunderstorm. These phenomena are referred to as gamma-ray bursts and last less than a millisecond. They create gamma rays, the energy of which is tens of millions of times higher than the energy of visible light. The Fermi telescope can detect flares only at a distance of 800 km from the place under the device.
Figure 1. Visualization of ten-year observations of the Fermi telescope for terrestrial gamma-ray bursts and the formation of a gamma-ray burst from a thundercloud
Relevance
To date, there is an official physics statement that the Earth does not emit gamma rays into outer space, which, according to the author, are gravitational waves.
Goals, objectives, materials and methods.
The purpose of this article is to prove that all interactions of bodies are produced by gravitational waves that are emitted by interacting bodies. The task is to prove that the Earth emits gamma rays, which, according to the author, are gravitational waves.
Scientific novelty
The author assumes that the Fermi telescope observes only a part of the Earth’s gamma-ray emissions. It does not observe a significant part of the gamma radiation, as it turns off during the passage of the South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly (SWAMA), from where a significant mass of gamma radiation comes from the Earth’s core. The author believes that gamma rays play a significant role in the formation of gravitational wave channels (GVCs) with the bodies surrounding the Earth. The Sun-Earth GVC exists on the illuminated side of the Earth, but is supported by the GVC energy of gamma radiation, which enters it when the GVC passes over the continents. At the same time, the solar wind is deflected by gamma radiation in the direction of ocean floor faults away from the continents. This determines the rapid passage of the solar wind over the continents and provides endurance over the faults of the ocean floor. A significant mass of gamma rays comes from the area of the South Atlantic magnetic anomaly. The pumping of the GVK with gamma radiation occurs with a period of one day. It is possible that the period of the Sun’s rotation creates gamma radiation waves in the GVK with a period of rotation of the Sun (about a month). The interaction of the Earth and the Sun is carried out by real masses of gravitational waves, the bulk of which are gamma rays. The mass of gravitational waves is proportional to the masses of the Sun and the Earth, and the periods of radiation of gravitational waves correspond to the proper periods of rotation of the Earth and the Sun. When the gravitational waves of the Sun and the Earth interact in the GVK, it itself becomes the source of the gravitational waves predicted by A. Einstein. The waves he proposed represent the beats of gravitational waves, not the gravitational waves themselves. According to A. Einstein’s energy from these waves would not heat a glass of water. The author believes that A.Einstein was wrong in his calculations by many orders of magnitude, not recognizing the gravitational nature of nuclear interactions.
Considering the drawing in the article [1], which shows the formation of a gamma-ray burst from a thundercloud, it is not difficult to find its similarity with the drawing of the Walker Circulation by Fiona Martin (Fig. 2). Thunderstorms are mainly observed in areas of updrafts over continents. Over the oceans, gamma rays are observed less frequently during thunderstorms. It is known that it is accepted to measure gamma radiation as an excess over the surrounding gamma background, therefore, to the measured values it is necessary to add the value of the gamma background, the direction of which, although it is not known exactly, comes from a certain area of the Earth’s core. The author does not consider gamma radiation during the decay of heavy elements to be the main source of gamma radiation from the Earth. The author believes that background gamma radiation comes from the Earth’s core, where its source is nuclear interactions during the synthesis of helium from hydrogen. These emissions are the result of a thermonuclear reaction of the Deuterium + Deuterium type, the occurrence of which does not require very high temperatures and pressures, but at which high temperatures and pressures arise from gamma radiation.:
D + D —> He (4) + γ (1)
Gamma radiation from the Earth (G) represents the total radiation, including background gamma radiation from the Earth’s core (Gf), radiation that is detected by instruments of the Fermi telescope as exceeding the background during thunderstorm activity (Go) and gamma radiation that is not detected by the Fermi telescope at the time of passage of the area South-Atlantic magnetic Anomaly when it is turned off due to fears of failure (Guo).
G = Gf + Go + Guo (2)
Fig. 2. Walker circulation. Visualization of gamma-ray bursts from thunderstorm activity according to observations of the Fermi telescope in the areas of updrafts is plotted by the author in the form of a black stripe with purple sectors.
The natural gamma radiation background within the CIS is in the range of up to 20 microrentgens per hour (mcr/hour). The article [ 2 ] provides specific data on the levels of the natural gamma radiation background in various regions of the world, which make it possible to estimate the gamma radiation background in the areas of interest to the author.:
CIS — 10 -20 microns/hour
South of China — 30 — 40 microns/hour
India (Kerala) -200 — 300 microns/hour
Iran (Ramsar) — 1200 — 1500 microns/hour
Brazil (Copacabana beaches) — 1000 — 8000 microns/hour.
This is the norm. Local residents suffer from oncological diseases no more often than Russian citizens.
Measurements of gamma-ray emissions by the Fermi radio telescope are performed as exceedances above the gamma background. Especially noteworthy is the gamma background level in the area of Copacabana beaches, where it reaches up to 8000 microns/hour. This area is located in the area of the Brazilian magnetic anomaly and measurements with the Fermi telescope were not carried out there due to fears of damage to the equipment. Official science explains the high gamma background on the beaches of Copacabana by monazite sands. The author believes that the point is not in the monazite sands, but in the fact that they are in the path of strong streams of gamma radiation from the Sun, which occur when the GVC passes through them, when the strongest gamma radiation occurs. The Earth’s gamma radiation lifts basalts to the surface, where, together with the Sun’s gamma radiation, it turns them into sand, naturally, the sand has a high level of gamma radiation.
Interestingly, the color of the sand on the beaches of South Africa is white. This may indicate a different effect of gamma radiation from the Earth and the Sun on the formation of sand, since gamma radiation from the Earth prevails on the beaches of South Africa.
It is known that the Van Allen belts have a decrease in altitude in the area of the Brazilian magnetic anomaly. The author believes that the decrease in altitude is due to the effect of the gravitational waves of the Sun, which exceed the strength of the gravitational waves of the Earth after the culmination of the Sun. The author believes that before the culmination of the Sun, the force of gravitational waves emitted by the Earth exceeds the force of the gravitational waves of the Sun, and their elevation should be observed in the Van Allen radiation belts. This reflects the effect of the Earth’s tidal wave on the Van Allen belts (Fig. 3) in the area of the Cape Town magnetic anomaly. At the same time, the protective properties of Van Alen belts from cosmic radiation decrease slightly, since the integrity of the belts is preserved.
Figure 3. Formation of tidal waves in the Van Allen belts by the gravitational wave channel.
During the passage of the Earth-Sun South Atlantic magnetic anomaly, the Earth’s core is intensively pumped with gamma radiation from the Earth’s core with a period of one day. At the same time, the GVK itself becomes a source of gamma radiation.
Gravitational waves are emitted by a quadrupole (Fig. 4).
Figure 4. Spatial location of the Sun-Earth quadrupole at the moment of noon in the South Atlantic magnetic anomaly.
An example of a quadrupole is the gravitational wave channel between the cores of the Sun and the Earth.
When constructing the quadrupole pattern, the following features are taken into account::
— the incident ray on the Sun and the reflected ray on the Earth form tidal waves ahead of the climax.;
— the reflected ray cannot be located on the equator of the Sun, as there is a «Mounder butterfly» effect, which means that dark spots are absent on the equator of the Sun. Dark spots, according to the author, occur when a reflected ray passes through the surface of the Sun, when it is cooled by the cold dense hydrogen of the hydrogen-helium spiral of the GVK. ;
— when the Earth rotates over the Northern hemisphere of the Sun, it should be expected that the incident ray will also go north of the equator of the Sun.
A quadrupole cannot emit energy by itself, it must be pumped with energy. The pumping is carried out by the energy of gamma rays from the dipoles of the nucleons of the Sun and the Earth. The strongest gamma radiation comes from the nuclei of bodies where the nucleons are at high temperatures, and their rotation speed increases due to the limited distance between the nucleons.
Tidal accelerations (w) operate in the microcosm, depending on the linear velocity of rotation of the nucleons (V = R x ω ; where: Rn is the radius of the nucleon; ω is the angular velocity of rotation of the nucleon) and inversely proportional to the fractal degree (n-β) of the distance between the nucleons (R). Already at distances at which the Casimir force acts (about 1.0 nanometers) (n-β) = 4. The degree of fractal dependence of tidal accelerations on distance at nuclear interaction distances (about 1 fermi) should, in the author’s opinion, be even greater, but the dependence formula (n-β) = f (R) for now, it has been withdrawn and is waiting for its researcher. According to modern concepts, an increase in (n — β) is possible only to finite values, since it is limited by the occurrence of a singularity.
wn = Mn x Rn x ω / R (n-β) (3)
where: Mp is the mass of the nucleon.
The nucleons in the nuclei are mutually unwound during compression. This is the strong nuclear force, which is gravitational because it follows the same laws as the interaction of macro bodies. Macro bodies have the peculiarity of repelling when they are forced closer (their rotation speed increases mutually) and attracting when the distance is forced (their rotation speed decreases mutually).
In the macrocosm, as the speed of rotation of a cosmic body increases, its tidal acceleration also increases in proportion to its speed of rotation and inversely proportional to the fractal degree (n-β) of the distance between the bodies (R). For macrobells, when calculating tidal accelerations in the Solar System, we can assume (n-β) = 3.
Conclusions
The author assumes that all interactions of bodies are produced by gravitational waves that are emitted by interacting bodies during internal nuclear interactions, which are gravitational. Nothing in this article contradicts this.
The Earth emits gravitational waves in the form of gamma rays, primarily from its core, where a thermonuclear fusion reaction of helium from hydrogen with gamma radiation takes place.
The author believes that the movement of satellites in the area of the South Atlantic Anomaly is most dangerous at noon and midnight local time, when the Earth’s gamma rays reach maximum intensity values. At the same time, the satellite is affected by a phenomenon known in aviation as «flutter», which can destroy even the p-n junctions of transistors into dust..
Bibliographic list:
1. NASA Science, What’s Made in a Thunderstorm and Faster Than Lightning? Gamma Rays! [electronic resource]. URL access mode: https://science.nasa.gov/universe/whats-made-in-a-thunderstorm-and-faster-than-lightning-gamma-rays (Accessed 06/20/25).
2. Belkin S. Natural radiation background. Radon. The half-life period [Electronic resource]. URL access mode: https://dzen.ru/a/XUrLi_imIwCts2cf ?ysclid=mbuepyhq5u56703151 (Accessed 06/20/25).